If I short the −3x and hold it, do I earn more than by buying the +3x?
Every session since 1928 is a short sale of the S&P 500 −3x for all the capital; the −100% bar is ruin.
How it's computed
24,530 windows since Jan 3, 1928, only 98 independent. Data through Aug 31, 2026.
Main figure: matches the article From the article: S&P 500 since 1928, over one year: the short's median (32%) beats the +3x's (21%); 12% of windows end in ruin. The Modeler gives the same figure (32%).